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- WORLD, Page 51SOVIET UNIONLetting Their People GoA wave of emigration swamps the U.S. and buoys Israel
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- Every morning for months a ragtag line of Soviet citizens has
- formed outside the American embassy in Moscow, jamming the guarded
- main entrance and snaking 100 yards down Tchaikovsky Street. The
- crowds push and break into noisy arguments. On particularly rowdy
- days some desperate applicants offer Soviet policemen as much as
- 700 rubles ($1,120) to sneak them to the front of the queue. Soviet
- emigration, for so long a trickle, has turned into an avalanche.
- Each year for three years the number of emigres has doubled, and
- so far in 1989 some 80,000 Soviets have applied to leave. More than
- 90% want to go to the U.S.
-
- This week the crowd in front of the embassy should begin to
- thin under the impact of new rules issued in Washington. Would-be
- emigrants will no longer be allowed to apply for visas in the
- embassy's consular office; instead, they must fill out an
- application and send it to Washington. Applicants who merit refugee
- status will be notified by international postcard to report to the
- embassy in Moscow for a personal interview.
-
- U.S. officials estimate that about 300,000 Soviet citizens,
- mostly Jews and Armenians, will send in forms during the next
- twelve months. The annual quota set by Washington, however, will
- provide no more than 50,000 with refugee visas -- a 25% increase
- over last year -- and an additional 30,000 with "parole" status,
- permission to come to the U.S. but with no financial assistance.
- Result: the U.S., after demanding for years that the U.S.S.R.
- loosen its emigration laws, will turn away more than 200,000 Soviet
- emigres.
-
- The situation is embarrassing for the U.S. But officials say
- the administrative and financial burdens involved are growing
- overwhelming. "Nowhere is it written," protested one, "that the
- U.S. should be the only destination of Soviets who want to
- emigrate." If embassy officials are defensive about the new
- procedures, they are also firm. To qualify as refugees, Soviets,
- like all other applicants, must prove that they have a
- "well-grounded fear" of persecution; those who succeed get an
- average of $7,500 in U.S. Government aid.
-
- In recent years, most Soviet Jews who left their country --
- almost 19,000 during 1988 -- did so on exit visas for Israel. But
- during stopovers in Rome or Vienna almost all of them switched
- their destination to the U.S. They will no longer be allowed to do
- that, and some American Jewish organizations are protesting.
-
- The Israeli government, however, considers the new U.S. policy
- a godsend. It is hoping that thousands of such emigres will now
- actually come to the Jewish state and help balance the rapidly
- growing Arab population. Finance Minister Shimon Peres announced
- during a visit to Washington last week that Israel expected some
- 100,000 immigrants from the Soviet Union by 1992 and planned to
- spend $3 billion to assist them. "I don't think there is anything
- more important than to have Russian Jews coming to Israel," he
- said.